The surface of the bone is covered by the periosteum, a membrane connecting the processes responsible for bone growth and callus formation in fractures. The compact bone (or cortical), which is a layer of dense bone, is located below the periosteum and underneath the compact bone, is the location of the spongy bone (also called trabecular or cancellous bone), which contains bone marrow responsible for the production of blood cells.ĭepending on their shape formations, bones can be divided into long bones, flat bones, short bones and irregular bones. Bones are segments of varying shape, size and density, all of which constitute to form the skeletal system. They are characterized by their hardness and mechanical resistance. Bones are a form of extremely specialized connective tissue, consisting of a mix of a dense organic matrix and inorganic mineral component.
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